The ankle is a complex mechanism. It is made up of two joints: the subtalar joint and the true ankle joint. The ankle joint allows up-and-down movement of the foot. The subtalar joint sits below the ankle joint and allows side-to-side motion of the foot. Numerous ligaments (made of tough,

Lateral epicondylitis, or “tennis elbow,” is an inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow. Whereas Medial epicondylitis, or “golfer’s elbow,” is an inflammation of the tendons that attach the forearm muscles to the inside of the bone at your elbow. Both tennis

The hip joint is the largest weight-bearing joint in the human body. It is also referred to as a ball and socket joint and is surrounded by muscles, ligaments and tendons. The thigh bone or femur and the pelvis join to form the hip joint. The hip joint is made up

Salivary glands make saliva and empty it into the mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva helps with swallowing and chewing. It can also help prevent infections from developing in the mouth or throat.  There are three pairs of major salivary glands:  parotid glands on the insides of the cheeks submandibular glands at the floor of

Urology is a surgical branch that deals with diseases of the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive organs.  While urology is categorized as a surgical specialty, experience in internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, and other specialties is required by the urologist due to the

Post-void residual volume (PVR) is the amount of urine retained in the bladder after a voluntary void and functions as a diagnostic tool. A post-void residual volume helps in the evaluation of many disease processes, including but not limited to neurogenic bladder, cauda equina syndrome, urinary outlet obstruction, mechanical obstruction,

Hospice and palliative care both offer compassionate care to patients with life-limiting illnesses. Hospice care is used when the disease gets to the point when treatment can no longer cure or control it. In general, hospice care should be used when a person is expected to live about 6-month or

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that women can get during their reproductive age. It is a disorder involving infrequent, irregular, or prolonged menstrual periods. During the PCOS the ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid ( follicles) and fail to regularly produce eggs. Consequently lead to infertility, hypertension, hyperlipidemia,

Color Doppler is a type of Doppler Ultrasound that converts the Doppler measurements into an array of colors. This color visualization is combined with a standard ultrasound picture of a blood vessel to show the speed and direction of blood flow through the vessel. Transvaginal ultrasound has been the foremost imaging technique to assess the